Case Study of Architect Dr. Ken Yeang

A1774IntroductionMost of today many designer had design many green edifice because the design of the built environment on human wellness with to cut down to the overall impact and the environment have an expeditiously utilizing energy, H2O and other resources. After that, it besides cut downing waste, pollution and environmental debasement and the last is protecting occupant wellness and bettering employee productiveness. Green edifice patterns aim to cut down the environmental impact of edifice. The first regulation is that the greenest edifice is the edifice that doesn’t acquire build, the 2nd regulation is that every edifice should be every bit little as possible and the last regulation is non to lend to sprawl, even if the most energy efficient, environmentally sound methods are used in the design and building. Figure 1.1 Dr. Ken Yeang One of the celebrated green designers, Ken Yeang, he is a Malayan designer and he born in 1948. He besides is a ecologist and writer known for his signature ecological green architecture and masterplans, differentiated by an environmentally reliable ecology based attack. Harmonizing to the book â€Å"A Manual For Ecological Design† tha had been written by Dr. Ken Yeang had said that his purpose is to bring forth or plan and keep ecosystem like constructions design of the edifices and the systems with integrate benignantly and natural environment but in the relation to planetary biosphere procedure, he had built the edifice with a signifier and systems map with sensitiveness to the locality’s ecology, and lend positively to biodiversity. The end is utilizing a low ecological effect to construct it, structures and systems to low consumers of non renewable resources. After that the design is to ease disassembly, recycling and can be reintegrated back to the natural environ ment. His doctrine is regionalists do non see themselves as looking for a specific national individuality but simply constructing a inactive design shelter in response to the local clime.Background Figure 2.1 Menara Meseniaga in Subang Jaya The central office IBM in Subang Jaya near the Kuala Lumpur, there have a green edifice that is Menara Mesiniaga. Menara Mesiniaga had been completed physique in 1992 and the first conceived was in 1989 by Dr. Ken Yeang.Dr. Ken Yeang and T.R Hamzah had designed a edifice which have a high tech corporate show window for extremely seeable and engineering industry. Dr. Ken Yeang had designed this edifice, Menara Mesiniaga as an illustration of his design of the green edifice and utilizing his rules and his cognition of bioclimatic skcraper. The edifice, Menara Mesiniaga is an analogy for analysis and synthesis, Menara Mesiniaga besides is an environmental filter’s edifice. Menara Mesiniaga had been builder with a footing Malayan edifice and it development to a modern manner edifice by utilizing his rule. It is Ken Yeang’s vision of the tropical garden metropolis and it uncovers the relationship of edifice, landscape and clime. The chief thought and constructs for this edifice is utilizing the sky gardens that serve as small towns, gyrating perpendicular landscape, recessed and shaded Windowss on the E and West, curtain wall glazing on the North and South, individual nucleus service on hot side-east, of course ventilated and sunstruck lavatories, step ways and lift anterooms and coiling balconies on the exterior walls with full tallness skiding doors to interior offices. Menara Mesiniaga is a modern architecture and modern architecture has few characteristic. The feature of the modern manner is the design utilizing a ocular accent on the perpendicular and horizontal line and particularly in International Style modernism. After that, they besides utilizing a industrially to bring forth stuff like glass, chromium steel steel and so on. They besides utilizing the stuff with natural stuff and to be seen instead than concealed or altered to stand for something to the design. The design has a ocular look of the construction like they had design the edifice by concealing the construction component. After that, they besides lucidity and simpleness of the signifiers and riddance when they built the edifice.AnalysisIn Malaysia, the feature of the architectural had been combines the slang with the experimental and modernist, but in general is largely modern-day design and in local architecture, Menara Mesiniaga besides is one of the modern-day edifices. During the station war period, European influence was followed by a Malayan period, and the feature of the high rise edifices with high secret plan ratios. High tech edifice is the most recent and important in Malaysia. Ken Yeang designed Menara Mesiniaga as an illustration of his bioclimatic skyscraper patterns and rules. Climatically Malaysia is a hot and humid state and the Kuala Lumpur is about 3 grades North of the equator. Rainfall is is heavier along the East seashore than the West seashore. West seashore and accordingly, so is most of the population. The state has no distinguishable winter or summer. Figure 3.1 Menara Mesiniaga Materials and engineering The stuffs that had been use for the structural system of Menara Mesiniaga are strengthened concrete, with a steel construction used for the first balcony and balconies. The map of utilizing strengthened concrete is because the reinforcing strategies are by and large designed to defy tensile emphasiss in peculiar parts o the concrete that might do unacceptable snap or structural failure. The foundation is utilizing the dullard concrete hemorrhoids and the chief structural members are strengthened concrete and a structural frame uses steel outriggers. The infill is utilizing the brickwork for internal fire protected countries. After that, the glassy panels for the external fire facing and gypsum board for internal breakdown. The imported aluminium composite panels for cladding with local spraytile coating to other masory countries. The floor was imported granite in the anteroom with homogenous local tiles for the poolside, lavatory and roof patios and the imported rug and tiles for th e office countries and lift anterooms. Besides that, the ceiling besides had imported the mineral fibre board for office countries and lift anterooms and the hempen plaster and gypsum board for land floor response, auditorium and exhibition infinite. The roofing had imported metal deck roofing for the sky secondary school and the local tiles on a strengthened concrete slab on the roof patios and besides painted mild steel outrigger for the roof construction and first balcony. 3.2 rules of bioclimatic design ? . Improvement or ordinance of environmental conditions ( microclimate betterment )The betterment and accommodation of environmental conditions happening on the building of the edifice is succeeded with the overall strategic planning of the edifice in order to do the best usage of the Sun, the prevailing air currents, the ambient temperature and humidness. B. Exploitation of solar energyThe development of solar energy is achieved by the proper design of the edifice envelope ( to maximise the soaking up of solar energy during winter and minimise it during summer ) , the proper orientation of infinites and particularly of gaps ( the southern orientation is the most appropriate ) , the proper size of the gaps, a layout of the interior infinites based on thermic demands and the acceptance of the appropriate inactive applications that collect sunlight and can be considered as ‘natural ‘ heating systems. C. Thermal protection of edifices and protection through shadowingThe thermic protection of a edifice is chiefly achieved by the appropriate design of the gaps to forestall the flight of heat, the proper insularity of the edifice envelope and the proper agreement of internal infinites ( suites used more often are placed in the South to avoid the ‘cold ‘ North ) . With the protection of shadowing the major end is to protect the edifice from overheating during summer with by strategically puting internal or external, perpendicular and horizontal blinds. D. Systems and inactive chilling techniquesIt refers to the building’s microclimate control, its shading and to the minimisation of thermic tonss during the warm summer months through gaps and the shading of opaque envelope constituents. E. Natural illumingNatural illuming refers to the development of direct and indirect visible radiation in order to guarantee equal comfort conditions, even light distribution in the inside during all seasons depending on the edifice type. F. Acoustic protectionThe acoustic protection of a edifice is achieved through the proper planning edifice orientation in order for the edifice to be protected from noise ( changeless or arbitrary ) . Bioclimatic design schemes are effectual for â€Å"envelope dominated† constructions, to supply a big part if non all of the energy required to keep comfort conditions. The â€Å"internal burden dominated† edifices is like the commercial kitchens, infirmaries, windowless shops and offices. The visible radiations, heat of tenancy and equipment are the experience high internal additions imposed. After that, the external climatic conditions complex influence on accomplishing comfort and low energy use. The available twenty-four hours illuming benefit to all the edifices can associate warming and chilling impacts and agencies of control are indispensable. The resources of bioclimatic design are the natural flows of energy in and round a edifice and it created by the interaction of Sun, air current, preciption, flora, temperature and humidness in the air and in the land. In some cases, this ambient energy is utile instantly or stored for later usage and in other instance. Ken Yeang was designed Menara Mesiniaga with some aims:the edifice has a good positionhas a green country and had created a sky gardenhaving the natural sunshine to diminish utilizing the visible radiationgood control of air motion and the fresh airinteraction with shadow, nature and sunshineutilizing the map of bio climiticenvironing had been designed with less noise and distractionhold a good chilling and warming and besides good adjustable temperaturerelaxation of the proviso at interior and exterior country3.3 COMPARE AND CONTRAST One of the celebrated green edifice that is London’s Gherkin Tower and the edifice was designed by Norman Foster. The workss that plating at the London’s Gherkin Tower largely is a mixture of grasses and lichens and besides are expexted to envelope the frontage and turn out of the panel. After that, the map of the panel is soaking up of the H2O and through its specialized membranes and do certain that the workss have absorb sufficiency of H2O and growing up nicely. They have many type of the panel like they are utilizing recycling stuffs, cut down H2O ingestion and do certain that didn’t wasted in the interior infinite they have a decrease of toxicity and utilizing the sunshine to increase the internal twenty-four hours illuming and thermic insularity, for the full edifice have a energy coevals. The design of the planting is really different with the London’s Gherkin Tower if the edifice comparison with Menara Mesiniaga. The design of the Menara Mesiniaga is non utilizing the technique of soaking to the edifice, it merely works it at outside of edifice. The design of the edifice is use the natural airing to cut down energy ingestion and the edifice has a smart control system and low facade heat addition.

Inner Reflections Essay

As a person looks back at their life, a common concern is the legacy they leave in this world. Most people posses an earnest desire to make a difference in the world. Before any contribution can be made, be it great or small, it is important to understand one’s own worldview. After constructing a coherent framework about the â€Å"basic makeup of this world† (James 16), it is possible to build on this foundation to create new ideas. In his work The Human Good, Thomas Aquinas is able to share his views on this world and thereby make valuable theological contributions to this world. Aquinas was born in Roccasecca, a town in southern Rome, and lived from 1225 to 1274 (Aquinas 145). Prominent thoughts during this medieval era included those of Augustine and Aristotle. Born into this critical time, Aquinas attempts to â€Å"reconcile the teachings of . . . Aristotle with Christian doctrine or Reason with Faith† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas is renowned as the â€Å"greatest theologian of the medieval Catholic church† and a â€Å"representative of scholasticism† (Aquinas 145). As the son of a nobleman, he was educated at the University of Naples and became a member of the Dominican Order of Preachers. After finishing his education, Aquinas spent most of his life â€Å"teaching at Dominican study houses and universities in France and Italy† (Aquinas 145). In The Human Good, Aquinas reveals his views on what a human being is, and how humans know what is right and wrong. Although these are two separate questions, examining the nature of a human being leads to examining how they are able to know what is good. In light of the first question, Aquinas uses passages from the Psalms to answer, â€Å"God . . . from the abundance of his perfection, grants being to all existing things† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas describes humans as created beings that â€Å"have intelligence and bear his likeness and represent his image† (Aquinas 146). Along with being created in God’s image, Aquinas also implies humans have a personal relationship with their creator when he says, â€Å"God will not forget his people† (Aquinas 147). Finally, Aquinas states that intelligent creatures have free will, or are capable of directing their own actions. Since humans can deviate away from God’s will, Aquinas also refers to humans as â€Å"corruptible beings† (Aquinas 147). This by no means implies that humans have equality with God. Despite the fact that humans can direct their own actions, they are still under the rule of the first creator. Aquinas puts a lot of effort into justifying why humans and all other created objects do, in fact, act towards an end. Although this may seem like an obvious principle, Aquinas views it as a fundamental issue, which must be proved. This issue is important because, an ordered universe acting towards an end implies it was â€Å"voluntarily produced by an agent† (Aquinas 146). In order to prove that all things do tend towards an end, Aquinas says that if agents did not tend toward any particular end, actions would extend to infinity. Philosophically, this is not possible because this requires â€Å"an infinity of antecedents† (Aquinas 148). Since this world, including humans, are finite; an infinity of actions is not possible. This proves that â€Å"there must be something which, when had, brings the activity of the agent to rest† (Aquinas 148). After this fact is established, another premise regarding humans can be added. Humans, as intelligent beings, act by â€Å"preconceiving that which they pursue by their actions† (Aquinas 148). This is unlike natural agents, which have no concept of the end they are approaching. This implies that by knowing or having the ability to aim for an end, humans can change their end. Author Jean Porter comments that the human will, â€Å"unlike animal impulses, is never oriented by natural necessity toward any particular finite good† (Porter 71). Since humans do not have a set path to follow to their end, a big portion of a person’s life is spent in trying to determine their own end. Next, Aquinas goes on to prove that regardless of what end humans chose, it is for the sake of good. First of all, since humans tend toward some end, its logical to say that this end, whatever it may be, is towards something that is beneficial. From what can be observed, intelligent agents will flee â€Å"anything they apprehend as evil† (Aquinas 150), and to flee evil is to seek good. In other words, all humans seek to perfect themselves, or seek happiness by improving. Stating that every human acts for the sake of good may seem useless when considering that the definition of goodness is defined by the individual. Aquinas himself gives examples of goods around which people structure their lives: â€Å"riches, honor, physical pleasure, and so on† (Porter 77). However, establishing that every human being tends toward what is good provides more room to proceed. The next task would be to acquire a â€Å"correct concept of the human good† (Porter 72). Once there exists an ultimate good, there also exists a standard by which a human can tell if he or she is are headed towards the good end. The existence of many ideas of human goodness among a group of people does not disprove the fact that there may be one ultimate good. Even if an individual has a mistaken notion of what is good, he or she will change their notion if they realize his or her mistake. Therefore, if an ultimate good were to exist, all agents would seek this end if they had the knowledge. Finally, Aquinas reasons that â€Å"to understand the most perfect intelligible object, which is God, is the most perfect of acts of understanding† (Aquinas 151). Aquinas also states that it is the natural desire of men to know the first cause. God is the first cause of all, so knowing God must be the ultimate end of all understanding. Now that there exists an ultimate good, this â€Å"theory of goodness provides a foundation for a theory of morality† (Porter 68), by which it is possible to know what is right and what is wrong. Consequently, although humans may establish and follow different ends seeking good, the ultimate ideal of good is found in knowing God. Aquinas’ approach to answer theological questions has some questionable aspects. Like most ideals, one wonders how realistic it is to seek the ultimate good in every aspect. According to Aquinas, only by knowing God do humans have a standard by which they can know what is right and wrong. It can be agreed upon that even an ignorant individual’s ultimate end is knowing God. However, until such knowledge is acquired, the true standard is arbitrary and the individual has a flawed concept of right and wrong. Therefore the harder the ideal end is to acquire, the more people have skewed view on morality. This suggests that for many, morals are relative, which is somewhat naturalistic. Since, Aquinas’ views are theistic both views cannot coexist within the same theory. Therefore, Aquinas’ views on morality depend upon the feasibility of achieving the ideal. Another aspect of Aquinas’ methods that receives much criticism is his eager acceptance of Aristotelian ideas â€Å"without criticism from biblical revelation† (Hoffecker 110). Although commendable, the attempt to prove spiritual matters such as the existence of God using human logic alone seems a bit ambitious. Aquinas is criticized for looking â€Å"too hastily elsewhere, outside the biblical revelation . . . [to] support the Christian faith† (Hoffecker 110). Straying so far away from divine revelation and relying so heavily on reason endangers the importance of faith. Positively, with the knowledge of such dangers, moderate uses of Aquinas’ methods can result in powerful tools for the Christian faith. This is the reason for praising Aquinas as â€Å"the greatest theologian of the medieval Catholic Church† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas’ contributions in theology and philosophy revolutionized Christian thought. His work combines Aristotelian logic with theology producing a revolutionary line of thought known as â€Å"Thomism† (Aquinas 145). Although not mentioned in The Human Good, earlier works by Aquinas use similar methods of logic to prove the existence of God. Aquinas’ ideas on morality and man made them more compatible for people with non-Christian worldviews. Even though venturing so far away from divine revelation may be risky, his work helped introduce more people to Christianity. The popularity of Aquinas may have caused the rise of applying reason in more areas such as religion in the western world. The logical, cause-and-effect mindset of the western world may be attributed partly to this newly sparked popularity of Aristotelian thought. Being able to justify the one’s position using logic is also useful when defending the Christian faith. Although a complicated work of theology, Aquinas was able to reflect his fundamental views on man and morality though The Human Good. He left a lasting legacy by gaining a wide audience with whom to share his ideas. Some leave legacies by their memorable actions or character. Others construct revolutionary ideas and alter the course of public thought forever. Whichever method is used, the worldview of the person shapes their actions and their thoughts. Works Cited Aquinas, Thomas. â€Å"The Human Good.† The Western World. Ed. Mark Kishlansky. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 145-155. Hoffecker, Andrew. â€Å"Medieval Scholasticism: The Thomistic Synthesis†. Building a Christian World View. Ed. Andrew Hoffecker. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1986. 97-113. James, sire. Universe Next Door. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1996. Porter, Jean. The Recovery of Virtue. Louisville: John Knox Press, 1990.

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Consider the role and influence shop stewards and union activists in Contemporary UK industrial relations - Essay Example In the large industrial plants, where lots of members of different unions had been employed, there it was found that at least twenty stewards were representing various departments (Glascott, 19710). Salamon’s statement is also vital in this respect. He stated â€Å"The role tended to move away from being a passive guardian of the union’s collective agreements negotiated at the national level to one of direct negotiations with management.† The phrase refers to the British Winter of 1978-79. After 1926, this period has been marked as the largest stoppage of labour due to the widespread strikes. A horrible condition prevailed in the country at that time as there was a shortage of food. It had a great social and political impact. It led to declining influence of the trade union. The membership of trade union was halved. This period caused rise of ‘Militant Tendency’. The manufacturing base of the Britain has been badly affected. During this period, the base of the old labour force had reduced and a new workforce was building up (Conservapedia, n.d.). The origin of the existence of the trade unions can be traced to the eighteenth century. During the period, a rapid expansion took place in the industrial society. Because of such changes, lots of women, rural workers and children had been involved in the workforce. Most of them were un-skilled or semi-skilled labor. This pool of labors spontaneously organized and at the later stage developed and founded trade unions. According to Smith, unions were not legal in most of the countries. For attempting to organize and develop unions, the leaders faced severe penalties. In spite of this, the unions were formed to acquire political powers. It resulted in body of labor law which not only codified the association between the employees and employers but also legalized the organizing effort. In this respect it is necessary to mention that the Universal Declaration of Human

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Concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Concert report - Essay Example s are performed outdoors, this lighting issue becomes a particular concern due to the fact that the performance is not lighted at all or incorrectly lighted; severely taking away from the more theatrical elements that the show might entail. However, as previously stated, this was not the issue at the concert which was performed September 12th. The lighting worked to augment the overall performance as it was in sync with the performance while at the same time it was not so overpowering that it took away from the overall performance. Likewise, due to the fact that concert was indoors, the sound quality was also superb. Although I fully enjoy outdoor concerts due to the surrounding nature and the feeling of being outdoors while enjoying some of my favorite music, the primary problem with such concerts (apart from the one previously mentioned) is the fact that the sound equipment has to be arranged at the front near the stage; this leads to a very one dimensional sound and is actually unbearably loud for those participants in the front area. Accordingly, when a concert is performed indoors, the audience can fully enjoy the same quality of sound at the very back of the venue due to the fact that the surround sound system is advanced enough to present the same quality sound to everyone that is at the concert. In this way, the sound quality and noise level was perfect so that it was not so unreasonably loud nor difficult to enjoy the full texture and sound of the music in various parts of the venue. Likewise, when I was there, I made my way to the front when it was time for my favorite song; even there, the sound stage had been set up in such a way that the noise level was higher but not painfully loud so that it made the experience enjoyable. Audience participation was perhaps the best part of the concert however. Even though there were several thousand people at the concert, it was not obvious to the concert goers that they were not witnessing a live intimate

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Abraham Lincoln Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abraham Lincoln - Research Paper Example He is thought by many to have been a charitable man, yet risen up out of the most humble of beginnings. (ZENTNER). His erudite virtues were as forcing as his moral virtues, winning him an ill repute while in Congress as the savant among his individual legislators. He for the most part wanted to think over ethical and religious inquiries instead of demand divisive replies to them. (ZENTNER). He evaded both unmanly pessimism and visually impaired faith, exemplifying a honorable contempt for extremes steady with a traditional understanding of the gentleman. Out of that combo of fidelity and temperance rose a statesmanship unconventionally suited for the most attempting period in American history. (ZENTNER). Lincoln consolidated an unprecedented wit with a blessing for narrating to turn into a compelling communicator. He was regularly curious and he adapted quickly, which headed him to be greatly imaginative. He is, actually, the only U.S. president to hold a patent (for a technique to make grounded vessels more light). He had an entering and extensive voice that could be heard over extraordinary separations. For instance, everybody present heard the whole Gettysburg Address, and there were no less than 15,000 individuals in participation. Indeed Lincolns stature (at six feet, four inches, makes him our tallest president) provided for him a psychological advantage over others. He was a man to be turned toward, a man to be emulated. (Phillips). In 1982, forty-nine students of history and political researchers were asked by the Chicago Tribune to rate all the Presidents through Jimmy Carter in five classes: initiative qualities, achievements/crisis administration, political abilities, errands, and character/trustworthiness. The top position was occupied by Abraham Lincoln. He was trailed by Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Woodrow Wilson, and

People in the film Essay Example for Free

People in the film Essay The creation of the monster involves the use of gadgets. The storm detector was needed to show when to lift the monster on to the roof. After lifting the monster up onto the table and elevating it up through a hole in the roof. It was then shocked by lightning, to bring it to life. The table the monster is position on in the centre of the room this is to put emphasis on him and to show that this is the most important aspect of the film. Dr Frankenstein brings the monster to life. A low angle is used on the monster to make him look big and scary, this is created due to the bold features of the monster. A low angle, which gives the effect that, the audience are actually watching the table rise. A tracking angle is used to follow the monster up onto the roof but when the table is on the roof a low is used, we cant see what is happening on the roof, this creates unpredictability, which creates suspense and tension. The lighting is used on the monster, this is used to define the bold features of the face, and this lighting is low lighting. The people appear shocked, amazed and scared as if they dont know what is happening, this influences the audience to feel the same way also this makes the audience feel insecure also because the camera angles and sound draw us into the film it makes the audience feel the same emotion as the people in the film. When the creature moves its hand a close up shot is used, this is to show that the monster is alive. When this happens the sound effects get louder, this is to increase the tension and suspense. The Dr Frankenstein shouts hes alive, its alive, he then shakes around and he is restrained as if he was mad, this creates more tension due to Dr Frankensteins unpredictability and this scares the audience. In the novel we are slowly set into the scene but in the movie we are straight into the storyline this is due to that it would be boring if we were slowly set into the scene also this is a horror movie so there should be no moments where there isnt tension. In the novel and the movie there are differences this is because there are only certain things that you can do with a book but in a film you can do more for e.g. in a film you have sounds and you can have camera angles to add to suspense and tension. In the novel Dr Frankenstein doubts what he is doing (a moral dilemma) but in the film he is very excited by what he was doing. In the book Frankensteins room is described as a small candle lit room but in the movie it is a big tall room with high tech equipment. In the novel Dr Frankenstein is not evil and the monster is not really evil but in the film Dr Frankenstein and the monster are perceived as evil. This is because the film is a horror movie. In the novel there are less gadgets (if any) described but in the movie there are many gadgets this is because in a movie the audience want to shocked amazed and interested, these gadgets do all of these things. In the film Frankenstein is perceived as a loner but in the novel he has a loving family and background. This is because if Frankenstein came from a loving family we couldnt see Dr Frankenstein as evil and evil is needed to create a good horror movie. In the novel, he doesnt have an assistant but in the film he does. In the novel the monster is created without anybody there but in the movie there are witnesses to his creation, this is because in the film the director wanted to involve the audience, which makes them scared. James Whale needs to create tension, suspense, and unpredictability to create a good horror movie. He did this by using different lighting and camera angles. He used certain camera angles to put us into the scene such as p.o.v and long shot, this shows where things are and shows whats happening in a certain areas. He used some shots for emphasis such as close up and extreme close up; this draws your attention towards something so that you notice it. Some of the shots he used were to involve us in the scene such as low angle, rolling shot, tracking this is to make us more scared because it makes us sense what we are seeing so therefore its makes us feel mise-en-scene. The lighting that James Whale uses is under lighting, filler lighting and there is flashes of lightning these are all used to create suspense from the same building in different ways.

Starbucks Pricing and Promotion Strategies

Starbucks Pricing and Promotion Strategies Starbucks has always been the venue one would receive the best coffees. However, in the 1970s, one had to travel all the way to their one and only store in Seattle Historic Pike Place Market. The name Starbucks rose from the classic American novel, Herman Melvilles Moby Dick. Thanks to Howard Schultz, Starbucks eventually expanded out of Seattle in the 1990s. First to the United States and eventually out to the rest of the world. Now, Starbucks has more than 9000 locations in over 30 countries. Not only that, Starbucks now serves espresso, lattes, Frappucino and many other interesting beverages. MARKET TARGETING Starbucks initially targeted young college students, social classes, and neighborhoods that would be ready to the idea of buying a $6 coffee and spending time with friends at their stores. With rapid growth and expansion, Starbucks target market expanded rapidly to include every individual of every age. In the foreign countries, they began targeting small towns, rural communities, ethnic neighborhoods, highway rest stops, etc. In Singapore, Starbucks started their target from the office workers who would need a good coffee while in a rushing to work. Following that, practically every individual of every age became their target. However, in Singapore, we still can see that only those very sociable, well-aware of good coffee and young tend to hang-out at Starbucks. We rarely see the elderly or a family sitting in Starbucks for coffee. Starbucks marketing strategy involved positioning its outlets as a place where consumers can spend time other than their home or work. Each of its stores was made as comfortable and relaxing as possible. Not only that, they tried to make it accessible and readily available where most people go to relax. For example, shopping malls, where most friends choose to hang-out especially the ladies. And, ladies as we all know, are very sophisticated people who would like everything good and of top-class qualityThe coffee giant achieved the comforts through comfortable furniture and relaxing music. Over the past several years, Starbucks also included offerings such as wireless internet, handicapped access, complimentary books, and common areas for collaboration. While Starbucks stores are positioned as locations where customers can spend time in a comfortable setting, their product lines are positioned at the higher end in regards to prices and quality. PRICING STRATEGIES Starbucks products are priced higher than most other brand coffees due to the image its brand carries. However, they knew just how to put a higher price and yet get their targeted market to buy their coffees without thinking twice. Starbucks began to offer $1 bottomless 8 oz. cup of coffee, with unlimited refills that cost approximately 50 cents less than any other Starbucks products. They also implemented value strategies that emphasized more on inexpensive products rather than being perceived as unaffordable to price-skittish consumers. For example, the introduction of the $3.95 breakfast pairings, including popular breakfast items paired with a coffee, and highlights $2 brewed coffees instead of the more expensive specialty drinks. When quality becomes the desire of the target market, then pricing is no longer much of an issue. That is somewhat the case for Starbucks. They have created such an experience the Starbucks experience that most of their customers go back to them for their coffees because of the ambience, comfort and their great coffee, even if they could get an almost similar coffee for half the price at some other coffee outlet. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES Starbucks has implemented numerous promotions to reach its targeted market. One of the promotions that Starbucks has used is the Starbucks Card. Starbucks Card is a technique that gives customers the opportunity to promote Starbuckss products through a referral system. When a customer purchases a gift card, it not only shows brand loyalty, but it also provides the company with free advertising, and brings in new customers. Starbucks also provides a card for corporate sales, which are used for extrinsic rewards to show employee appreciation for a job well done, or a gift to a client. Another promotional implementation is that they deliver coffees to offices or work places without any coffee size restrictions. There are very few or rare coffee outlets that are willing to deliver without placing any conditions or restrictions. Thirdly, they appeal to a diverse customer base by offering international teas and coffees to accommodate those customers that want a taste from home or for locals that enjoy tea. Lastly, using the aid of performing a good deed as a means for promotion Starbucks contributes to several non-profit organizations as a way to improve brand image and awareness in local communities. DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANNELS Starbucks formed some business alliances with certain organizations to further promote its brand. One of these alliances formed was Barnes Noble Bookstores in the year 1993. Both companies were able to promote their brand and at the same time improve their image. Starbucks also formed alliances with United Airlines in 1996 and now, their coffees are served on the United Airlines. Not only that, Starbucks has made alliances with many other organizations through which, it has improved its branding, sales and image. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Starbucks should continue to carry their rare and unique variety of food and drink products. New and different combinations should be introduced frequently and the products that deliver the best results should be retained and added to the permanent menu. The line of personal equipment products by Starbucks can be extended and offered at the retail level or on the companys web site. Starbucks could introduce a line of premium fruit drinks. Starbucks could re-design its outlets at the more popular places to be larger and cozy at the same time. They could change the size of the outlet thats most popular to hold at least double the number of customers their normal outlets do. These new designs should incorporate a comfortable feel for the customer and encourage large gatherings. In the targeted areas, the new store should be able to accommodate a small conference of up to 15 people. Ultimately, what they should achieve is the ability to host business meetings, book signings and much more. Thirdly, customers can be rewarded with free cups of coffee for accumulating a certain amount of points on their Starbucks card and coupons could be issued. Another recommendation is that television commercials be shown creating a distinct difference between Starbucks and their closest competitors. The point must be driven that premium coffee shipped from around the world cannot be substituted by others. Starbucks could also sponsor events that are in line with the interests of customers who purchase premium products. This would include sponsoring professional golfing events, college games, the arts and business conventions. College students, young professional adults and those with more disposable income should be targeted. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Starbucks has made quite a benchmark in its coffee business through thoughtful marketing strategies. Despite not being very upfront in terms of its service, they still are a brand that is not comparable with any other coffee brand. This is because, the ambience and atmosphere that one finds in a Starbucks outlet is rarely found in any other coffee outlet. Not only that, their extensive and unique coffee is another very attractive marketing strategy.

Female Form in the Art Deco Movement: Tamara de Lempicka

Female Form in the Art Deco Movement: Tamara de Lempicka Design for Passion: The female form in Art Deco The Art Deco style was the genre during the 1920s and 1930s affecting the decorative arts, fine arts and fashion (Lucie-Smith, 1996). Throughout this period it was moment for womens clothing fashions. The portraits of Polish-born Tamara de Lempicka elaborated on the trend as a painter of people mainly in the smart social circles in which she moved. She was penniless when she fled to Paris with her husband and daughter. It was then she resolved her talents of artistry would establish a successful career in Paris. To represent her painting style she elaborated on distinctive streamlined elegance with a sense of chic decadence, often compared to the cubism of Leger (sometime called Soft Cubism). She was better than anyone else at representing the Art Deco style in painting. Her works exhibited the true meaning of the Art Deco style and affiliated the passion for design that women had in their lifes turning point (de Lempicka, 1998). It can be said that she is probably the most famous painter of the art deco period. The painting style created by de Lempicka was as glamorous as her subject matter. Her instructor Andre Lhote did not realize the subtle syntheses of inspiration she portrayed. The use of a plastic metaphor which Tamara used time and again in her artistic output can be characterized by the haughty expression typical of a certain caste, or in her nudes which are allegories of lasciviousness. She used a trademark combination of soft, rounded forms set against architectural lines and shapes that reflected a new sophisticated urbanity to those she painted in highly mannered portraits. Her other main subjects included erotic nudes and still life of calla lilies. Her bold technique and palette rapidly won her acclaim as the quintessential Art Deco artist (Blondell, 2004). Art Deco design was above all modern that exemplified the boundless potential of a newly industrialized world. The characterizations of Art Deco include the use of materials such as sharkskin, zebra skin, zigzag and stepped forms, bold and sweeping curves, chevron patterns, and sunburst motif. The sunburst motif was used in such varied contexts as a ladys shoe. It was a mainstream in consumerism that was stressed in the great fashion magazines as Vogue and Harpers Bazaar to advertise the emergence of the New Woman in American society. It was argued that Art Deco functioned as a trademark for popular notions of femininity during a time when women were said to be the consumers of the average household. A genre of the time it appealed to women and was used as a selling point for cosmetics, clothing, home furnishings, jewelry, and art objects. The image that femininity would dominate the American imagination for the future inspired consumerism (Fischer, 2003). The corset was definitively eliminated making the flat and square dresses of the 1920s an ideal canvas to display motifs of the Art Deco period. Skirts were shortened and the female figure became formless and androgynous (sexless) the waistline dropped to the hips or simply ceased to exist. In the 1930s the waistline moved to its natural position. Nylon, satin, silk and crepe the most prevalent of materials used to make fine figure defining dresses. Fabric was cut diagonally to take advantage of its elasticity to show formation of what it covered. Skirts were made longer while the legs were allowed to be seen via long slits in the dresses and the shoulders were broadened by padded shoulder inserts (Lussier, 2003). In Portrait of a Young Girl in a Green Dress, Tamara explicitly demonstrates her visual of the fashion of the times, sleek and seductive (Lucie-Smith). Girl in Green with Gloves, probably her most famous painting epitomizes her style showing the fabric and hair combined into sharp lines and flowing curves with the entire form strongly dimensional yet remaining abstract and modern. The Art Deco of the 20s, with its geometric motifs and bright, bold colors superlative represents the best and purest forms of the decorative art period. Reaching its bold point between 1925 through 1935, the classical, symmetrical, rectilinear style of Art Deco, drew inspiration from other art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, and influence of the Bauhaus and became the dominant art form of Paris between 1920 through 1930. Tamara deLempicka was the artist who pursued the Arts Decoratifs style, derived from the Worlds fair held in 1925, formerly titled the Exposition Internationales des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes that showcased French luxury goods (Wikipedia, 2003). A 1925auto portrait, Tamara in the Green Bugatti was an oil painting on wood. Tamara was dressed in a bright yellow with black hat, matching the color of the vehicle. The painting came about when a magazine editor was overwhelmed by the drivers style. The driver, later was learned, to be de Lempicka herself. The editor had left a calling card on the windshield asking the yellow clad woman to contact her. Die Dame, Germanys leading fashion magazine, then commissioned a self portrait in the car for the magazines cover. The result was one of de Lemplickas best known works wherein she mixes cold, hard textures with luxurious, decadent sensual imagery. A point of interest on the matter was that Tamara NEVER owned a green Bugatti. The auto portrait was an icon of the era. The painting is said to represent the newly discovered freedom of women of the day (Paloma). Sexy, modern and unabashedly consumer-oriented was the new Art Deco style. Motifs were borrowed from Japan, Africa, ancient Egtyptian and Mayan cultures to create novel visual effects (Benton, 2003). French pochoir prints from the glorious Art Deco era presented womans fashion designs in their most original era. The clothing was revolutionary from designers such as Charles Worth, Jean Patou, Paul Poiret, Lucien Lelong and Joseph Paquin (Schiffer, 1998). Erte was an artist who received his fame by his drawings in Harpers Bazaars magazine for 22 yrs. His covers for the magazine shaped the entire modern tradition of fashion drawing. Erte (name derived from his initials R. T. Romaine de Tirtoff) also designed sets for plays and musicals most noted are the costumes and stage sets for the Folies-Bergere in Paris (Blum, 1976). He was perhaps the most appealing of artists at the time, called attention to the sleekness of style giving emphasis to lineal definition and bold color. (Fischer). The jewelry from the era exploded with color, drama of form and juxtaposition of texture and contour. Designs included buckles, clips, belts, mirrors, pendants, cigarette cases, rings, chains, necklaces, watchbands, brooches, studs and charms (Raulet, 2002). The aesthetic of Art Deco was most radical in the late 1920s at which female stars as Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford and Myrna Loy donned lavish Art Deco fashions. De Lempicka herself received acclaim for her aloof Garboesque beauty, her parties, and her love affairs. Her beauty and opinionated nature also increased her celebrity (de Lempicka). The style declined as a growing conservatism challenged the feminist advances of an earlier generation. The Art Deco woman was once an object of desire but she then regressed toward demeaning caricatures and pantomimes of unbridled sexuality (Fischer). To artists she (de Lempicka) appeared to be an upper-class dilettante, and to the nervous haute bourgeoisie she seemed arrogant and depraved, comments Laura Claridge. Her beauty and opinionated nature increased her celebrity as photographs of the period show a sleek woman whose lethargic-eyed mystique challenged that of Greta Garbo. De Lempicka was a very physical person. She often slept with the people she painted, or those who sat for her. They were both male and female. Her first lesbian affair was said to be with Ira Perrot who modeled for her and took her to Italy where she discovered paintings of Botticelli and Messina. It was the period of time in which she began to attend lesbian parties. Her creativeness went as far as the tastefully arrangement of food on the body of a nude woman. Thereafter, she would then slowly she eat her midnight meal (de Lempicka). The artist pursued older men as social companions, but slept with younger and more handsome men. She was often seen caressing a working-class boy one night and a woman the next. Her adventures inspired her artwork. An overview to her painting of Adam and Eve, her daughter Kizette states, The model walked across the room and picked up an apple from the bowl to satiate her hunger. Tamara then says: Stop! I have an inspiration. I have before me the vision of Adam and Eve. She then went out into the street and nearby saw a policeman on his beat. He was young and handsome. Monsieur, I am an artist and I need a model for my painting. She brought him into the studio and said you are Adam, here is your Eve completing her motivation. Among the unique aspects of her style is the overt lesbianism that informs it, especially in her female nudes, i.e. Two Friends, Spring, and The Girls. The implication of sexuality between the females is subtle yet obvious. Tamara Gorska de Lempicka was married first to Tadeusz Lempicki a Russion lawyer and socialite and then to Baron Raoul Huffner with whom she moved to America. Being a bisexual woman, de Lempickas works reflects a glorification of the female form and vignettes of female life. Seated Nude (1923) exploits her depiction of women in which she sets the tone of a powerful, curvy, and slab-faced image. Depicted during the Jazz Age de Lempickas art expel a riot of color combined with the sharpness of Cubism making them seem to explode from their frames and grab our attention (Charlish, 2004). The sexy, bedroom-eyed women in stylish dresses are rendered in haunting poses that seem to mirror her life through her art. The Orange Turban of which Tamara produced eight versions in her lifetime, shows the influence of the Dutch and Flemish masters that she absorbed while studying at the Louvre. Independent publisher Mani de Li of Modern Art A Skeptical View, opinions that Tamara succeeds in portraits that have an aim similar to Picassos failures with hers being more original, complete, better drawn, colored and composed. The paintings never contain those scratchy areas of flat schmiery ugliness and unfinish so common in even the best of Picassos, he contends. From the pages of womens magazines to the salons and counters of department stores to the set of design of Hollywood films, the Art Deco style was used to market modernity and elegance (Fischer). Tamara sold her portrait art to the rich aristocracy of Paris that fetched huge prices. She refused to comment on the fascism around her. It was between the wars, that she painted portraits of writers, entertainers, artists, scientists, industrialists, and many of Eastern Europes exiled nobility (Lucie-Smith). She had a choice to do carnival or festive art, and chose the festive (Boje, 2001). Peter Plagens, an art critic from Newsweek, referred to Tamara as practically forgotten with her production of almost soft porn. And he further stated that Tamara was the end product, not the producer of art that influences other artists (Claridge, 1999). After a threat of a Second World War, Tamara left Paris to go to Hollywood. There she became the Favorite Artist of the Hollywood Stars. The 1950s and 1960s phased out Deco Art until in a 1966 exhibition in Paris it resumed its interest. She had changed her style to abstract art in the 1960s. Her works were created then with a spatula with her output seemingly out of fashion. De Lempickas earlier works began to rise in the 1970s and by the 1990s she once again became a stylish icon. Feminisms emphasis on unearthing sidelined women had played a part in her revitalization as well. The liberation of gay women has made her the prophetic, in -house painter of lipstick lesbianism (Charlish). Today de Lempickas work still is connected to Hollywood with singer/actress Madonna and actor Jack Nicholson being the most avid contemporary collectors of her paintings. Her paintings were rediscovered by the world (Neret, Gilles, 1992). Tamara de Lempicka achieved her notoriety and fame several times during her lifetime and remains popular today for her highly sexualized art deco portraits. The qualities of decadence and hedonism that caused critics of the 1960s and 1970s to dismiss her work are those traits that now show new appreciation, comments Elizabeth Ashburn, Professor and Head of the School of Art in the College of Fine Arts at the University of South Wales, Austrailia. Tamara de Lempicka chose her teachers well. She learned the use of simple lines and a smooth finish from Maurice Denis, from who she had her first painting lesson at the Academe Ranson. She learned the neoclassical modification of cubism from Lhote in Paris. She learned the clear, glowing colors and imperious yet powerful interpretation of the female form and execution of the society portrait from Ingres (Charlish). When combined, the three distinct traits of her tutors were expelled though her own unique style in which she was able to bring across the passion of design. De Lempicka is the true demonstrator of the female form in Art Deco painting. The icon of Art Deco ceased her works after the death of her husband in 1962. She moved to Mexico and died in her sleep in 1980 only to leave behind her ashes strewn over the crater of Mt. Popocateptl along with her now valued works of art depicting one of the most fascinating periods of art history in which she displayed the liberty of the woman of her time. BIBLIOGRAPHY Benton, Tim, Benton, Charlotte Wood Ghislaine. 2003 Art Deco: 1910-1939. Bulfinch; 1st North edition. Sept. 17. ISBN:082122834X. Blondell, Alain Brugger, Ingirid. (2004) Tamara de Lempicka. Royal Academy Books. 168 pgs. ISBN: 1903973422. Blum, Stella. 1976 Designs by Erte. New York: Dover. Boje, D. M. 2001 Athletic Apparel Industry is Tamara-land. Tamara: Journal of Critical PostmodernOrganization Science. Vol. 1 (2), pp. 6-19. Charlish, Nicky.2004 Art Deco Icon: Tamara Lempicka. Culture Wars.RoyalAcademy, London. Claridge, Laura.1999 Tamara de Lempicka: A Life of Deco and Decadence. ClarksonPotter Publishers. 436 pgs., September 21. De Lempicka,Baroness Kizette and Philip, Charles. (1998) Passion by Design: The Artand Times of Tamara de Lempicka, Abberville Press. 192 pgs. ISBN:0789205033. Fischer, Lucy.2003 Designing Women: Art Deco, and the Female Form (Film and Culture). Columbia University Press. 352 pgs. ISBN: 0231125011. Lucie-Smith,Edward. 1996 Art Deco Painting, Phaidon Press, 160 pages, ISBN071482545X. Lussier, Suzanne.2003. All Tied-Up: The Corset in Contemporary Fashion. The Victoria and Albert Museum. Neret, Gilles. 1992.Tamara de Lempica Benedict. Taschen Verlag GrnbH. Kolan. Paloma Gallery. http://www.paloma.ca/gallery.html. Raulet, Sylvie.2002 Art Deco Jewelry. Thames Hudson. Schiffer. 1998. FrenchArt Deco Fashions: In Pochoir Prints from the 1920s. Schiffer Publishing .Feb. 1. 160 pages. ISBN: 0764304747. Wikipedia. 2003.The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press.

Vietnam War History :: essays research papers

Sometime between 200 B.C. and A.D. 200, the intermingling of the Red River Delta's early inhabitants resulted in a distinct Vietnamese people. Virtually from the outset, the Vietnamese were ruled by the Chinese, and they would continue to be until A.D. 938. During the centuries of Chinese control over the Red River Delta, two independent states rose to power in what is now central and southern VietNam. From the first to the sixth centuries, the kingdom of Funan held sway aver the Mekong Delta and the region that is now Cambodia; the kingdom was over thrown by the Mon-Khmer, who founded the Cambodian empire. Along the coast of central VietNam, the kingdom of Champa ruled from the late second century until the 15th, when it was conquered by the Vietnamese, who expanded steadily southward after expelling the Chinese. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Vietnamese would wrest the Mekong Delta from Cambodia, essentially completing the formation of their country. Of the more than a dozen dynasties that have ruled independent VietNam, three are considered "great." The first was the Ly (1009-1225), whose rulers established Hanoi as their capital in the year 1010, naming it Thang Long, the City of the Soaring Dragon. (It was not until 1831 that the name Hanoi-City in a Bend of the River-came into use.) The Ly built new roads, dikes, and canals, and they vigorously promoted agriculture. In 1044 - 22 years before William the Conqueror invaded England the Ly founded VietNam's first postal service. The Ly dynasty ended in overthrow by the Tran, who established the second great dynasty (1225-1400). In 1407, the Chinese reconquered VietNam, but this time their rule lasted only two decades. In 1428, they were driven out by the Vietnamese hero who established the third great dynasty, Le Loi. The Le dynasty, which held power until 1524, introduced a series of remarkable reforms. Arts, literature, and education were promoted. Large landowners were forced to distribute their holdings to the land less. Legal reforms gave women nearly equal rights with men. In the 17th and 18th centuries, VietNam was split by warring factions. Northern VietNam was ruled by the powerful Trinh Lords, the south controlled by lords of the Nguyen line. In 1786, three brothers, the Tay Son, briefly reunited the country, but even as they fought to depose the Trinh and Nguyen lords, their empire began fragmenting.

William Butler Yeats Essay examples -- English Literature Essays

William Butler Yeats One of Ireland's finest writers, William Butler Yeats served a long apprenticeship in the arts before his genius was fully developed. He did some of his greatest work after he was fifty. Yeats was born in Dublin, Ireland, on June 13, 1865. His father was a lawyer-turned-Irish painter. In 1867 the family followed him to London and settled in Bedford Park. In 1881 they returned to Dublin, where Yeats studied the Metropolitan School of Art. Yeats spent much time with his grandparents in County Sligo in northwestern Ireland. The scenery and folklore of this region greatly influenced Yeats' work. For a while he studied art, but during the 1890s he became active in London's literary life and helped found the Rhymers' Club. Yeats' early work was not especially Irish. Soon, however, he began to look to the ancient rituals and pagan beliefs of the land for his artistic inspiration. He tried to merge this interest with his aristocratic tastes to create an original Irish poetry and to establish his own identity. In 1896 Yeats met Lady Gregory, an aristocrat and playwright who shared his interest in Ireland's past, especially in its folklore. In 1899 they formed a literary society that was the predecessor of the Abbey Theatre. Among his plays were 'The Countess Cathleen' (1892) and 'Cathleen ni Houlihan' (1902), with Maud Gonne in the title role. In 1899 he proposed to her, but she refused to marry him. As a means of getting closer to Maud, Yeats later... William Butler Yeats Essay examples -- English Literature Essays William Butler Yeats One of Ireland's finest writers, William Butler Yeats served a long apprenticeship in the arts before his genius was fully developed. He did some of his greatest work after he was fifty. Yeats was born in Dublin, Ireland, on June 13, 1865. His father was a lawyer-turned-Irish painter. In 1867 the family followed him to London and settled in Bedford Park. In 1881 they returned to Dublin, where Yeats studied the Metropolitan School of Art. Yeats spent much time with his grandparents in County Sligo in northwestern Ireland. The scenery and folklore of this region greatly influenced Yeats' work. For a while he studied art, but during the 1890s he became active in London's literary life and helped found the Rhymers' Club. Yeats' early work was not especially Irish. Soon, however, he began to look to the ancient rituals and pagan beliefs of the land for his artistic inspiration. He tried to merge this interest with his aristocratic tastes to create an original Irish poetry and to establish his own identity. In 1896 Yeats met Lady Gregory, an aristocrat and playwright who shared his interest in Ireland's past, especially in its folklore. In 1899 they formed a literary society that was the predecessor of the Abbey Theatre. Among his plays were 'The Countess Cathleen' (1892) and 'Cathleen ni Houlihan' (1902), with Maud Gonne in the title role. In 1899 he proposed to her, but she refused to marry him. As a means of getting closer to Maud, Yeats later...

Margaret Atwoods Surfacing Essay -- Margaret Atwood Surfacing Essays

Margaret Atwood's 'Surfacing' Throughout the book the narrator constantly intertwines the past and present as though it is side by side. Atwood shows this in the opening sentence ‘’I can’t believe I’m on this road again’’. The use of the adjective ‘again’ reveals the narrator has been in this place in an earlier life. The narrator seems to repress a lot of her past and continuously contradicts herself, which at times confuses the reader as we can not tell whether she is talking about her past or her present and whether she regards it as home as she says ‘’Now were on home ground foreign territory’’. This links in with one of the key divisions in the story between the Americans and the Canadians that is portrayed throughout the book. This paradoxical declarative reveals that the protagonist feels she should belong there but feels detached from this childhood place, suggesting she may feel alienated from this place revealing something oppressive about this home ground. Also David is the key person who emphasizes this division between the Americans and Canadians. On page three David stresses ‘’Bloody fascist pig Yanks’’, reiterating the stereotypical Canadian disliking of the Americans, using his usual hostile, aggressive language. Ironically David seems to be the fascist pig being the unpleasant chauvinistic pig. The use of the adjective ‘foreign’ links in with the division of language between French and English that we see later in the book. In chapter 2 we see that there is a clear division between the narrator and any emotions. We see that the narrator is emotionally detached from her husband and her child as she â€Å"left him in the city, that would be perfectly true, only it was different city; he... ...ust them, I can’t think of anyone else I like better, but right now I wish they weren’t here†. This shows that the narrator is showing her regrets for bringing them with her reiterating her distrust in them. We also begin to see the narrators distrust in those who are closest to her, her family. When she begins to reminisce on the past she refers to her family with the third person pronoun â€Å"they† for example when she says â€Å"they used to go over it as fast a possible† then later realizes this mistake she is making and states â€Å"that won’t work, I can’t call them ‘they’ as if they were somebody else’s family†. However the tables are turned as we the readers begin to realize that it is the protagonist that we are unable to trust. This is due to the protagonist’s constant self contradictions and self corrections as she says â€Å"my husband, my former husband†.

Port Chicago Disaster

The Port Chicago Disaster On the 24 of July 1944, a memorandum was written from Captain W. S. Parsons, USN to Rear Admiral W. R. Purnell, IJSN. It was a report on the most destructive explosion on United States soil at that time. It was known as the Port Chicago Explosion. Captain Parsons worked in the Bureau of Ordnance as their Liaison Officer. So he was a prime candidate for the Job. Rear Admiral Purnell was the head of the Military Policy Committee. This memorandum was not intended to incarcerate people, determine its cause, nor report defects in the design of munitions depots.Its sole urpose was to collect data from the damage done and to find the exact time when the explosion happened. Captain Parsons determined the exact time based on seismic activity. He determined the time of detonation occurred at approximately between 2218-2244 on the 17 of July, 1944. It was found that approximately 2000 tons of high explosion were present on the dock at the time of the explosion. He also determined that light damage extended approximately 1500 yards from the explosion. This was minor damage but significant none the less.From ground zero and out to approximately 1000 feet it was determined that there was total destruction. However, at 1000 feet there were 3 civilians that remained alive; these were the closest survivors to the blast. This horrible disaster could have been prevented, only if certain factors were addressed accordingly. Within the confines of the munitions depot at port Chicago, there was racism. Akers states: The general classification test employed at this time placed the black ratings at Port Chicago ‘in the lowest twelfth of the Navy.According to their superiors, these men were unreliable, emotional, lacked capacity to understand or remember orders or instructions, were particularly susceptible to ass psychology and moods, lacked mechanical aptitude, were suspicious of strange officers, disliked receiving orders of any kind, particularly from white officers or petty officers, and were inclined to look for and make an issue of discrimination. For the most part, they were quite young and of limited education. 1 Black men, no matter what they scored on their classification test were put into these laborious work parties.If they scored high enough and there were empty billets, they would be transferred to another duty station. Therefore, there was a lack of good leaders to be had. This is a prime example of discrimination. Another example of racism at this munitions depot is that: Negroes in the Navvy don't mind loading ammunition. They Just want to know why they are the only ones doing the loading! They want to know why they are segregated; why they don't get promoted. 2 This stated that the racism was severe and the moral of the black sailors was very low.When morale was low, they started to ask question and the quality of work that and more prone to accidents. In addition, white officers were put in charge of these loadi ng parties and the black sailors did not like them. On top of that, the commanding officer, Captain Kinne, demanded a quota often tons per hatch per hour. These white officers deemed this goal, of the commanding officer, too high. But they had to fulfill it nonetheless or else their Jobs were on the line. Allen stated, â€Å"†¦ officers sometimes raced working divisions against each other to speed up loading. 3 This caused workers to work at an unsafe speed and often times a shell would drop to the deck. Allen also stated: As Carr [the wench maintenance personnel] looked on, one man lost his grip on a shell; it dropped two feet and hit the deck with a thud. This showed that the rate at which they loaded ammunition onto the ships was unsafe. It made the possibility for a disaster very high. Still the Captain Kinne, the white officers had quotas to fill so they ignored these ominous signs and kept on pushing. Only if they could have slowed down the load rate, this disaster could have potentially been avoided.Another factor that could have prevented this disaster would be training. According to Julius J. Allen in his court martial trial he stated, â€Å"There was no training in ammunition handling. â€Å"5 These black Junior sailors were not trained to handle igh explosives, at the same time, the white officers were inadequately trained to supervise the loading process of high explosives. According to Freddie Meeks: When those bombs, slathered in grease, bounced down the plank, theyd bang into other bombs and everyone would pray to Almighty God. They made terrible sound.Sometimes, you thought they would explode. You'd almost have a heart attack to hear those bombs hitting together†¦ I'd ask the lieutenant about it and he'd say don't worry. 6 The black sailors were weary of working with these explosives but were told by fficers that the larger munitions were not active and could not explode and that they would be armed with their fuses upon arrival at the combat theater. Because of the inadequate training of the white officers, they disillusioned the black sailors. The black sailors would believe them because of their lack of training with explosives as well.Therefore, this made for carelessness in the handling of the high explosives because all personnel apart of the loading parties did not know that the shells had the potential to explode because the training was negligent. Another aspect is the equipment used for handling of the high explosives. Handling of these larger explosives such as bombs and shells involved breaking individual munitions out with levers and crowbars from boxcars. The shells were packed in tightly with packing material, and they were heavy cylindrical shapes.The black sailors would roll them along the wooden pier, packing them into nets, lifting them with a winch and boom, lowering the bundle into the hold, and then dropping the individual explosives a short distance by hand into place. This series of ac tions was rough enough that naval shells were sometimes damaged and began leaking identification dye from their ballistic caps. This should have been a major warning that an explosion was explosives. Therefore, the explosives were more prone to damage because of the kind of crude equipment they were using.In addition, the powered winches used on cargo ships were used to speed up the handling of heavy loads. One winch was operated at each of the ship's five cargo holds. During loading operations, the winches were worked hard, requiring steady maintenance in order to remain operable. Winch brakes, a safety feature provided for stopping the load from falling if the winch's main power was lost, were not often used by a skilled winch operator s the load could be more quickly maneuvered using various power settings than by application of the brakes.Disused brakes sometimes seized up and stopped working. Additionally, the winches on the SS E. A. Bryan were steam-powered and showed signs of wear, even though the ship was only five months old. Equipment could have been a factor, but also the lack personal protective equipment was another factor. In many cases there was no personal protective equipment provided by the munitions depot. In an interview with Carl Tuggle, he stated that: If you wanted to wear gloves, you purchased them. That was the only way you had gloves o wear and to use while you were working.At night we were provided clothing to keep us from the elements on the dock at night because it was cold, but otherwise we supplied everything else ourselves. 7 Since the black sailors often were not promoted they remained stagnant with the position of Junior sailor. Therefore, they would not make a lot of money and not have money to buy proper personal protective equipment. This made the work parties more prone to accidents. It was so dangerous that even Commander Paul B. Cronk, head of a Coast Guard explosives-loading detail tasked with supervision of the orking dock, warned the Navvy that conditions were unsafe and ripe for disaster.The Navvy refused to change its procedures and Cronk withdrew the detail. The Navvy still put a blind eye to the munitions depot at Port Chicago therefore the disaster was waiting to happen. This may have been the most destructive explosion, but it was almost expected as Captain Parsons reported, â€Å"†¦ Port Chicago was designed for large explosions. â€Å"8 He stated that the munitions depot designed at Port Chicago was designed for large explosions and because of the design; there was a very minimal loss of life outside of the munitions depot.Nonetheless, it was eventually determined that 320 of the men on duty at the pier died instantly, and 390 civilians and military personnel were injured, many seriously. Surprisingly, this was a major loss for the black sailor community in which, â€Å"†¦ roughly 15 percent of all the black casualties in the US Navvy during the entire war. â€Å"9 Shortly after the disaster, Port Chicago assigned white sailors to work alongside black sailors loading ammunition. This was the first step towards desegregation. To fix the lack of training, the Navvy instituted new training and safety procedures for the handling of high explosives.If and only if the Navvy listened to the Coast Guard Explosives-Loading detail supervising the loading of the explosives, the Port Chicago explosion would have never happened and this memorandum would have never been written. 1. Regina T. Akers, â€Å"The Port Chicago Mutiny, 1944,† in Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective, ed. Christopher M. Bell and Bruce A. Elleman (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200. 2. Robert L. Allen, â€Å"Final Outcome? Fifty Years after the Port Chicago Mutiny,† American Visions 9 (1994).http:// search. ebscohost. com.http://search. ebscohost. comhttp://montfordpointmarinesandhonor.blogspot.com/2013/09/http://search.epnet.com/Login.aspx?lp=login .asp&ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egoogle%2Ecom%2Eua%2F&authtype=ip,uidhttps://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%81%AE%E6%83%A8%E4%BA%8B

P. S. I Love You Analysis

The movie I chose was P. S. I Love You. To begin with, I chose this movie because I have not seen it yet, but I have heard from my friends that it was a movie that I cannot miss out on. Reading the captions of the movies, it seemed very interesting and as soon as I was done with the movie, I gladly found it interesting. P. S. I love you had a unique plot compared to other love movies, after reading the synopsis I could automatically relate this movie with Chapter one on â€Å"Myth of the right one†. P. S. I Love You introduce its self with the daily lives of Holly Kennedy (the main character) and her husband Gerry Kennedy, a happily married couple going through their up and down stages of their marriage. Until Gerry dies of a brain Tumor, it takes Holly about a year to get over, but the movie narrates her life throughout the year. Holly and Gerry were married for 10 years and she got married at the age of 19, so we can say she married an age where she believed that Gerry was the right one and there would be no other like him. After the death of Gerry, Gerry understood that it would be hard for Holly to get over him so on his last few days before his death he writes several letters instructing her what to do as a last request. Holly received her first letter shortly after Gerry’s funeral on her 30th birthday. Gerry along with Holly’s friends are determined to to make Holly move on from the widow stage and be herself. Throughout the letters (which he had arranged for after his death) Gerry ends them by saying P. S. I Love you. The letter are supposed to encouraged Holly to move on by going out more and spending more time with her friends (Denise and Sharon), but her friends are afraid that the letters are keeping Holly tied up. In one of the final letters, Gerry arranged Holly, Denise, and Sharon, to his home town in Ireland. Once in Ireland, the girls are having fun at a local pub Gerry had recommended them to. At the pub, Holly meets a singer who strongly reminds her of her dead husband Gerry and ends up liking him, but by coincidence he happened to be one of Gerry’s best friends. Throughout the Ireland trip Holly finds out that Denise was having a baby and Sharon is getting married, so it caused Holly to emotionally relapse into herself and get depressed once again. Weeks later in New York Holly believing she was done with her letters until she received her final one from her mom when she was crying to her about how hard it was to go on without the love of her life. But in the last letter Gerry says his final good bye and tells Holly to move on and be herself and to think about what she was before she met Gerry (an Art Major). Eventually Holly finds out she has the talent to design women shoes. As Holly starts her own line of shoes we see that she gained a new confidence and it allows her to finally accept herself for what she has and for her friends to finally experience happiness. So the movie ends by Holly taking her mother to Ireland and as the film ends it shows the audience with a scene where she finally abandoned the fear of falling in love again and has opened up her life to the journey that awaits her. The Character I’m choosing in the movie to explain the problem that the character is facing is Holly. At the beginning of the Movie before Gerry died, Holly believed that he was â€Å"the one†, but then after his death, she goes on a journey that Gerry had left planned for her. Throughout the Journey Holly meets other men and fights her fear of falling in love again, believing that only Gerry was â€Å"the one†. At the end of the movie Holly learns how to accept Gerry’s death and meets a new man. If I were to choose a chapter from the book â€Å"A Daring Promise†, it would have to be the first chapter. As I was explaining throughout the whole essay, Holly is in the category of â€Å"Myth of the Right One†. She believes that there’s only one Gerry out there even after his death, until finally after a year of going through Gerry’s planned letters and other events, she finds a new man, that changed her image of â€Å"the right one†. So is there really only one right one for us? The book tells us that there isn’t such thing as one love, it’s just a myth. Based on the text, I can state that â€Å"One Love† is really a myth. There is more than just â€Å"One Love†. To obtain â€Å"One Love† both partners must always be communicating and come to agreements. In my opinion many people at first believe in only â€Å"One Love† at first because they have not had many relationships. We must come to our senses that nobody is perfect and we have to accept both the good and bad of a person. If you and your partner are willing to make sacrifices, then together you guys can make changes and have the same love for each other and being more united. If there is something I have learned from this assignment, it would be about marriage. I have never experienced a dead wife but I would assume that anyone who loves their partner would go have to go through what Holly did. Throughout the movie I also learned that getting married and losing a husband or getting divorced can affect everything around your life. When Holly was with Gerry they would always argue about when to have kids and when to move out of the apartment, but when Holly was single she lost her main balance of her life and things were pretty hectic in the beginning, until she finally had the support of her family and friends. Marriage is a great responsibility. I have also learned in class that you cannot change a person unless that person is willing to change.

Prophet Muhammad the Ideal Character of Human Being

[pic] Today one in every five persons of the world believes Muhammad (pbuh) as the last messenger of Allah (pbuh) and millions of others are continuing to bear testimony to this fact†¦.. Yaqeen ul Haq Ahmad Sikander writes. Ever since dawn of the civilization, mankind has witnessed the emergence of a large number of great people who did significant contributions in their respective fields and immortalized their names forever. Their contributions, which they left behind, have been responsible for moulding the intellect of the people into the fashion of their teachings.The Teachings of Buddha, Jesus, Confucius, Ashoka, Aristotle, Plato, etc even today have an avid influence upon the lives of masses globally. But among all these great people, only Muhammad (pbuh) possessed the most distinguished and determined personality. Across the centuries Across the centuries millions and billions of people have lived their lives loving Muhammad (pbuh) and following his principles and guidelin es in every sphere of life. No one other than Muhammad (pbuh) in the history has been so much adored and followed.Today one in every five persons of the world believes Muhammad (pbuh) as the last messenger of Allah (pbuh) and millions of others are continuing to bear testimony to this fact. He was the one who brought has billions of people from darkness of ignorance to light. He brought peace and set of ideals to countless hearts and lives. He is the inspiration for countless people over the globe. Even today Muhammad (pbuh) motivates and induces whole masses to strive to shape their lives according to his teachings.Indeed never before in the history has anyone influenced humankind up to such extent as Muhammad (pbuh) did even beyond his death. That’s why Qur’an rightly tells Muhammad (pbuh) to proclaim that He is the mercy for all nations which clearly depicts the universality of his mission. The Qur’an mentions: â€Å"And We sent you not (O Muhammad), but as a mercy to all the worlds†. (Al Qur’an 21:107). Among all the great emerged lives, only Muhammad (pbuh) was most influential and successful and both ‘Religious and Secular’ levels and this made Michael. H.Hart, an American Mathematician, Historian and an Astronomer to put Him on the No. 1 in the list of the top 100 men which he quoted in his world-famous book â€Å"The Hundred†. And the Argument that he puts forth for it is as follows: â€Å"Since there are roughly twice [the latest estimate is that there are more than one thousand million Muslims in the world and one thousand two hundred million Christians] as many Christians in the world, it may initially seem strange that Muhammad has been ranked higher than Jesus. There are two principal reasons for that decision.First, Muhammad played a far more important role in the development of Islam than Jesus did in the development of Christianity. Although Jesus was responsible for the main ethical and m oral precepts of Christianity (in so far as these differed from Judaism), St. Paul was the main developer of Christian theology, its principal proselytizer, and the author of a large portion of the New Testament. Muhammad, however, was responsible for both the theology of Islam and its main ethical and moral principles. In addition, he played the key role in proselytizing the new faith and in establishing the religious practices of Islam†. Michael H. Hart in his book – â€Å"THE 100? – pages 38-39) Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) : the only answer In the words of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, â€Å"Humankind needs a set of moral principles having universal validity as well as a real personality in which these moral principles are exemplified. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the only answer to this question. He proclaimed the ethics that bear the stamp of divine authenticity, and is, moreover, a model of perfect conduct and character for all mankind. In bodily appearance he l ived in this world, but, spiritually, he was on a different plane†.It was the exemplary life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his empyreal teachings that even made the non-Muslims bear testimony to the greatness of Muhammad (pbuh). Some of the verdicts of Non-Muslims on Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that I have compiled from various sources are: â€Å"He must be called the Savior of humanity I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it much needed peace and happiness. † (The Genuine Islam, Singapore, Vol. 1, No. X 1936). Mohammed was the most successful of all religious personalities. † (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th edition). â€Å"Muhummad was the soul of kindness, and his influence was felt and never forgotten by those around him. † (Diwan Chand Sharma, â€Å"The Prophets of the East,† Calcutta 1935, p. 122). â€Å"Four years after the death of Justinian, A. D. 569, was born at Makkah, in Arabia the man who, of all men exercised the greatest influence upon the human race †¦ Mohammed †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (John William Draper, â€Å"A history of the lntellectual development of Europe†,- London 1875). By a fortune absolutely unique in history, Mohammed is a threefold founder of a nation, of an empire, and of a religion. † (R. Bosworth-Smith, â€Å"Mohammed and Mohammedanism†- 1946). So the Qur’an rightly says to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that, â€Å"And have We not raised high the esteem in which) thou (O Muhammad are held)† (Al Qur’an 94:4). Exemplary Character Muhammad (pbuh)’s character was indeed exemplary for whole of the humankind. Before his death, the whole of the Arabian Peninsula was already under the rule of Islam.He could have easily led a very luxurious life in High palaces and could have enjoyed every pleasure of life and this world. But instead of this, he led a very simple and austere life and created a best example for the generations to come. He used to do his work himself. It is narrated in various Hadith the Muhammad (pbuh) used to milk his goat, mend his clothes, do household work and repair his shoes and visited the sick. All his companions loved him excessively but he forbade them to even getting up for him as a sign of respect. He brought a real revolution to the whole humanity and it was the transformation of the hearts.His companions who loved him more than anything else, were once his most staunch enemies but his sublime character transformed them to such an extent that they even gave up their lives for the sake of Islam. Muhammad (pbuh) brought masses from darkness to light. He was from a rich family that enjoyed highest status in Arabia but because of Islam, he suffered from worst persecutions and painful torture and sufferings. On a certain occasion, his uncle Abu Talib requested him to stop the preaching of Islam and for tha t he was offered the highest status of a chief and a lot of material wealth.But to this Muhammad (pbuh) gave a very sincere answer. he replied, â€Å"I swear by the name of God, O Uncle! , that if they place the sun in my right-hand and the moon in my left-hand in return for giving up this matter (calling people to Islam), I will never desist until either God makes it triumph or I perish defending it† (Ibn Hesham). Such was the determination of Muhammad (pbuh). And the Qur’an again describing the character of Muhammad (pbuh) says that, â€Å"And most certainly thou (O Muhammad) are of most sublime and exalted character† (Al Qur’an 68:4).It was the tolerance and sublime character of Muhammad (pbuh) that brought huge masses into the fold of Islam and the books of Seerah (Life Of Muhammad) are full of such incidents. On the fall of Makkah to the Muslims, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) forgave even his most staunch enemies including Wahshi who on the battle on U hud had killed the beloved uncle and cousin of Muhammad (pbuh) namely Hamza and seeing this extraordinary behaviour of Muhammad (pbuh), Wahshi accepted Islam and became one of the Sahabees (The Companions of Prophet Muhammad).There are so many other cases found in the books of Tafseer (exegesis) and Seerah (Life Of Muhammad) wherein Muhammad (pbuh) by his sublime character won the hearts of many including Abu Bakr (RA) and Abdullah bin Salaam (RA) and many others that are considered to be the most eminent Sahabees (The Companions of Prophet Muhammad). Peaceful Preaching It was the peaceful preaching of Muhammad (pbuh) that invaded the hearts of the millions and is still continuing to do so. It was only by the peaceful preaching of Islam that it spread to all the nooks and corners of the world.And even now Islam is the fastest growing religion of the west particularly in USA and UK where many great personalities and intellectuals like Shaykh Yusuf Estes, Hamza Yusuf, Gary Miller, Dr Bilal Philips and Yusuf Islam have accepted Islam and are spreading its peaceful message globally and yet this is fulfilling an another prophecy of the Qur’an: â€Å"It is He (Allah) who has sent his messenger (Muhammad) with guidance and the religion of truth (Islam), that he may make it prevail over all religions, and enough is God for a witness† (Al Qur’an 48:28).Some of the sublime sayings of the Muhammad (pbuh) are as follows:The believers, in their love, mercy, and kindness to one another are like a body: if any part of it is ill, the whole body shares its sleeplessness and fever. (Bukhari & Muslim) The most perfect of the believers in faith are the best of them in morals. And the best among them are those who are best to their wives. (Tirmidhi & Ahmad) None of you believes (completely) until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself. (Bukhari & Muslim) The merciful are shown mercy by the All-Merciful. Show mercy to those on earth, and God will sh ow mercy to you. Tirmidhi & Abu Dawud) Smiling at your brother is charity†¦ (Tirmidhi) A good word is charity. (Bukhari & Muslim) Whoever believes in God and the Last Day (the Day of Judgment) should do good to his neighbor. (Bukhari & Muslim) God does not judge you according to your appearance and your wealth, but He looks at your hearts and looks into your deeds. (Sahih Muslim) Pay the worker his wage before his sweat dries. (Ibn Majah) A man walking along a path felt very thirsty. Reaching a well, he descended into it, drank his fill, and came up. Then he saw a dog with its tongue hanging out, trying to lick up mud to quench its thirst.The man said: â€Å"This dog is feeling the same thirst that I felt. † So he went down into the well again, filled his shoe with water, and gave the dog a drink. So, God thanked him and forgave his sins. The Prophet was asked: â€Å"Messenger of God, are we rewarded for kindness towards animals? † He said: There is a reward for k indness to every living animal or human. (Bukhari & Muslim) So to conclude, Muhammad (pbuh) was bestowed by Allah with the most exemplary character. The nature of Muhammad (pbuh)’s teachings is universal and is directed for all generations and times.Muhammad (pbuh) was not just a leader or statesman, but he was and he still is, the best role model for the one who seeks guidance on the path of the Lord. It is in his teachings that one can find solution to the ongoing spiritual turmoil and find an innovative solution to the problems challenging the mankind. And it is in him that every nation and generation can find its last hope and it’s his teachings that can bring a revival to this world and save it from the disasters of hatred, bloodshed, racism and anarchy. The path that was enlightened by Muhammad (pbuh) will guide us to the eternal path of salvation and finally Jannah.Our deviated youth only by following the teaching of Muhammad (pbuh) can excel in all fields. The west has realized this fact and that’s why they are turning to Islam as it’s the only solution to all the problems confronting the humanity. If only our society would be framed and based upon the ideals and morals taught by Muhammad (pbuh), then it would bring an end to all our problems and then this world will really become a place to live in. The Qur’an mentions: â€Å"Most certainly, you have in Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern (of behaviour)† (Al Qur’an 33:21).